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These are the dialogues for podcast #32 “Making dinner plans with a friend”

In this lesson you will learn the following:

1. How to make dinner plans with a friend
2. How to talk about a restaurant you regularly frequent

Introduction

In this podcast you will learn how to make dinner plans at a restaurant you regularly frequent. You’ll learn some natural phrases for making plans that native speakers commonly use. Check out the dialogue and grammar notes below for a detailed explanation.

Main Dialog (Japanese)

A: もしもし

B: もしもしアレックス、明日夜ご飯食べに行かない？

A: ごめん、明日はちょっと無理なんだ。土曜日なら行けるよ。

B: じゃあ土曜日の７時にいつものお寿司屋さんで！

A: あみは本当にお寿司飽きないねー！

Main Dialog (Pronunciation)

A: Moshi moshi

B: Moshi moshi, Arekkusu, ashita yoru gohan tabe ni ikanai?

A: Gomen, ashita wa chotto muri nan da. Doyōbu nara ikeru yo.

B: Jaa, doyōbi no shichi ji itsumo no osushi ya san de.

A: Ami wa hontō osushi ni akinai ne.

Main Dialog (English)

A: Hello?

B: Hi, Alex, do you wanna go out to eat dinner tomorrow?

A: Sorry, tomorrow’s not possible. If it’s Saturday I can go.

B: OK then, Saturday at 7 o’clock at the usual sushi place.

A: Ami, you never get sick of sushi do you!?

Grammar point and drills

Here is a breakdown of the main grammar pattern featured in the dialogue:

土曜日の７時にいつものお寿司屋さんで

Doyōbi no shichiji ni itsumo no osushiyasan de

(Let’s meet on) Saturday at 7 o’clock the usual sushi place.

Here are some more example drills:

1) 金曜日の６時半にいつものラーメン屋さんで。

Kinyōbi no roku ji ni itsumo no raamenyasan de.

(Let’s meet on) Friday at 6 at the usual ramen place.

2) 日曜日の６時にいつものイタリアンで。

Nichiyōbi no rokuji ni itsumo no itarian de.

(Let’s meet on) Sunday at 6 at the usual Italian place.

3) 木曜日の８時にいつもの居酒屋で。

Mokuyōbi no hachiji ni itsumo no izakaya de.

(Let’s meet on) Thursday at 8 at the usual Izakaya.

4) 土曜日の７時にいつものカラオケで。

Doyōbi no shichiji ni itsumo no karaoke de.

(Let’s meet on) Saturday at 7 at the usual Karaoke place.

 

Random Phrase of the Week

The random phrase of the week is where we teach you a random Japanese phrase to make your friends laugh and ask “where did you learn that from?!”

行き当たりばったり – Ikiatari battari

Meaning: unplanned and making decisions on the fly / Playing it by ear. It’s generally used in a negative way but there are some exceptions

Example sentences:

1) 行き当たりばったりでなんでも決めちゃう。

Ikiatari battari de nandemo kimechau.

To make decisions in a random or unplanned way

2) 行き当たりばったりな旅だった。

Ikiatari battari na tabi datta

It was an unplanned trip.

3) 行き当たりばったりにレストランを選んだ。

Ikiatari battari resutoran o eranda.

I randomly chose a restaurant.

For more podcasts on how to learn to speak natural fluent Japanese visit Learn Japanese pod

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In this podcast, Ami and Alex teach you how to talk about your preferences in Japanese.

Main Podcast Dialogue (Japanese)

A:　ね、お寿司とたこ焼きどっちが好き？

B:　そうだね。やっぱり、お寿司の方が好きかな。

A:　なるほどね。でもなんで？

B:　味が好きだから。あみは？

A:　もちろんたこ焼きの方が好き。

B:　あみは典型的な大阪人だよね。

A:　せやで！

---

Main Podcast Dialogue (Pronunciation)

A:　Ne, osushi to takoyaki, dochi ga suki?

B:　Sou da ne, yappari osushi no hou ga suki kana.

A:　Naruhodo. Demo nande?

B:　Aji ga suki dakara. Ami wa?

A:　Mochiron, takoyaki ga suki.

B:　Ami wa tenkeitekina osaka jin da yo ne.

A:　Se ya de！

---

Main Podcast Dialogue (English)

A:　Hey, which do you prefer, sushi or takoyaki?

B:　Well, I guess I prefer sushi.

A:　I see…but why?

B:　Because I like the taste. How about your Ami?

A:　Of course I prefer takoyaki.

B:　Ami, you are a typical Osakan!

A:　That’s right！

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In this podcast you’re going to learn useful verbs to talk about your daily routine. These verbs are very commonly used in casual conversation throughout the day so they are well worth learning. You will also study a little grammar related to plain form verbs and -TE form verbs which are the most common type of verb used in casual speech. You will also learn how they are used together when describing actions in a sequence.

Also, the dialogue in this lesson will teach you particles which are sounds that usually go at the end of sentences to change the nuance of what you are saying. Learning these will help you sound a lot more natural when speaking Japanese.

A: Amiの平日の過ごし方を教えて！

B: ７時に起きて、顔を洗って、朝ごはんを食べるよ。

その後着替えて、メイクして、仕事に行くよ。

A: 休憩時間は？

B: 休憩時間はお弁当を食べて、携帯で時間を潰すよ。

A: 仕事が終わったら？

B: うちに帰って、晩御飯を食べて、お風呂に入るよ。

A: その後は何をするの？

B: 寝る！

A: Amiは忙しいね！

B: まあね！

Podcast Dialogue (Pronunciation)

A: Ami no heijitsu no sugoshikata oshiete!

B: Shichi ji ni okite, kao o aratte, asagohan o taberu. Sono ato kigaete, meiku shite, shigoto ni iku yo.

A: Kyuukei jikan wa?

B: Kyukeijikan wa obentō o tabete keitaii de jikan o tsubusu yo.

A: Shigoto ga owattara?

B: Uchi ni kaette, bangohan o taberu, ofuro ni hairu yo.

A: Sono ato nani suru no?

B: Neru!

A: Ami wa isogashii ne.

B: Maa ne.

Podcast Dialogue (English)

A: Ami, how do you spend your weekdays?

B: I wake up at 7, I wash my face and eat breakfast. After that I get dressed, put on my makeup and go to work.

A: What about your break time?

B: During my break time I eat a bento and kill time with my mobile phone.

A: And when work finishes?

B: I go home, I eat dinner and have a bath.

A: What do you do after that?

B: Sleep!

A: Ami, you’re busy!

B: I guess so.

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In this podcast you’re going to learn about how to use adverbs of frequency in daily speech. In other words, you’ll learn how to ask and answer questions about how often you do things in Japanese. You’ll learn how to ask questions such as “How often do you…”. You’ll also be able to reply that you do something never, occasionally, sometimes, often and always.

This kind of grammar and vocabulary comes up often in daily conversation as well as the Japanese Language Proficiency Exam so it’s well worth learning.

First of all, have a look at the vocabulary lists to get an idea of the main phrases used in this podcast. After that you can practice how to use that vocabulary naturally with the dialog examples. Following that are extra grammar and sentence examples.

Also, while reading this PDF lesson, you can listen along to either the main audio podcast which contains all the dialogs and explanations in English. Alternatively you can listen to the Japanese only audio file.

Main Lesson Vocabulary

Main Dialog 1 – Adverbs of frequency – (Japanese)

A: アレックスはどれくらい*運動するの？

B: 全然しないよ。 時間がないからさ。

A: そうなんだ。

A: 昔はよくしてただけどね。あみは？

B: 時々ジョギングするよ。たまに水泳もするよ。

A: じゃ、もうすぐオリンピックだから毎日　運動しよう。

Main Dialog 1 – Adverbs of frequency – (English)

A: Arekkusu wa dore kurai undō suru no.

Alex, how often do you exercise?

B: Zenzen shinai yo. Jikan ga nai kara sa.

Never. It’s cos I don’t have any time, you know.

A: Sō nan da.

Really?

B: Mukashi wa yoku shiteta kedo ne. Ami wa?

I used to however. How about you Ami?

A: Tokidoki jogingu suru yo. Tama ni suiei mo suru yo.

I sometimes go jogging. I occasionally also go swimming.

B: Ja, mō sugu orinpikku dakara mainichi undō shiyō.

Well, it’s almost time for the Olympics so exercise everyday!

Particles used in this dialog:

Wa – Sentence subject marker (As for so and so…)

Ga – Similar to Wa and is often used in sentences about having or not having something

No – Turns sentence into a question (Casual)

Yo – Emphasizes the statement

Ne – Means isn’t it or right?

Sa – Means something like “You know?” or “You see what I mean”

Extra example sentences

Japanese only dialog audio (From 00:47)

Zenzen – Not at all (00:47)

1: どれくらいお寿司食べるの？ ぜんぜん食べないよ。

Dore kurai osushi taberu no? Zenzen tabenai yo.

How often do you eat sushi? I never eat it.

2: どれくらい映画を見るの？ ぜんぜん見ないよ。

Dore kurai eiga o miru no? Zenzen minai yo.

How often do you watch movies? I never watch them.

Metta ni – Hardly ever (01:11)

1: どれくらいお寿司食べるの？ 滅多に食べないよ。

Dore kurai osushi taberu no? Metta ni tabenai yo.

How often do you eat sushi? I hardly ever eat it.

2: どれくらい映画を見るの？ 滅多に見ないよ。

Dore kurai eiga o miru no? Metta ni minai yo.

How often do you watch movies? I hardly ever watch them.

Tama ni – Occasionally (01:38)

1: どれくらいお寿司食べるの？ たまに食べるよ。

Dore kurai osushi taberu no? Tama ni taberu yo.

How often do you eat sushi? I occasionally eat it.

2: どれくらい映画を見るの？ たまにに見るよ。

Dore kurai eiga o miru no? Tama ni miru yo.

How often do you watch movies? I occasionally watch them.

Tokidoki – Sometimes (02:03)

1: どれくらい運動するの？ ときどきするよ。

Dore kurai undō suru no? Tokidoki suru yo.

How often do you exercise? I sometimes exercise.

2: どれくらいカラオケに行くの？ ときどき行くよ。

Dore kurai karaoke iku no? Tokidoki iku yo.

How often do you go to Karaoke? I sometimes go.

Yoku – Often (02:29)

1: どれくらい運動するの？ よく運動するよ。

Dore kurai undō suru no? Yoku undō suru yo.

How often do you exercise? I often exercise.

2: どれくらいカラオケに行くの？ よく行くよ。

Dore kurai karaoke iku no? Yoku iku yo.

How often do you go to Karaoke? I often go.

Itsumo – Always (02:53)

1: どれくらいゲームやるの？ いつもやってるよ。

Dore kurai geemu yaru no? Itsumo yatteru yo.

How often do you play video games? I’m always playing them

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In this podcast you will learn how to book a table at a restaurant by phone in natural Japanese. These days it is easy to make bookings online and with mobiles apps. However, there are still many restaurants in Japan which don’t have online booking facilities. Also, in crowded cities like Osaka and Tokyo, it can be hard to get a seat, especially during Fridays and weekends. Therefore being able to book seats in Japanese by phone is a useful skill.

Another thing you will learn is the polite language commonly used by restaurant and service staff. This is called Keigo and is a very polite way of speaking in Japanese. It’s also quite tricky to master as it uses different phrases and vocabulary compared with casual speech. However, I would recommend learning just enough to be able to understand it so you can interact with hotel, restaurant or department store staff. You don’t need to learn to speak it perfectly, just understanding a little is enough. Most Japanese people have difficulty speaking proper Keigo! Check out the podcast lessons and accompanying files which will help you learn to speak the dialogs fluently.

Main Dialogue (Japanese)

A: 居酒屋忍者でございます。

B: 今晩の予約をしたいんですが。

A: はい、かしこまりました。何名様でいらっしゃいますか？

B: 4名でお願いしたいんですが。

A: 何時からご希望ですか？

B: 7時でお願いします。

A: 少々お待ちください。お待たせいたしました。
お席ご用意できます。お名前お伺いしてもよろしでしょうか？

B: アレックスです。

A: アレックス様ですね。 では本日7時から4名様でご予約させていただきます。 お待ちしております。

A: Izakaya Ninja de gozaimasu. – This is Izakaya Ninja

B: Konban no yoyaku o shitain desu ga. – I’d like to make a booking for tonight.

A: Hai, kashikomarimashita. Nanmei sama de irasshimasu ka？ – Yes, certainly. How many people are there in your party?

B: Yonmei de onegai shitain desu ga. – I’d like (to book for) 4 people.

A: Nanji kara gokibō desu ka. – What time would you like (to book)?

B: Shichiji de onegai shimasu. – Seven o’clock please.

A: Shōshō omachi kudasi. Omatasei itashimashita. Oseki go yōi dekimasu. Onamae oukagai shitemo yoroshi deshou ka. – One moment please. Thank you for waiting I have prepared your seats. May I have your name please?

B: Arekkusu desu. – It’s Alex

A: Arekkusu sama desu ne. Dewa honjitsu shichiji kara yonmei sama de goyoyaku sasete itadakimasu. Omachi shite orimasu. – OK, so that is Alex. So, I have prepared your booking for 7pm for 4 people today. We shall be waiting for you.

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In this episode, Ami and Alex teach you how to speak Osaka dialect which is called Osaka Ben in Japanese. And for this lesson Ami sensei is our secret weapon as she is a native of Osaka city.

Sometimes this is referred to as Kansai Ben however, Kansai is the larger region located in central Japanese that includes Osaka city, Kyoto, Nara, Wakayama, Shiga, Mie and Hyogo. And in turn, each of those areas have their own dialects. However, Ami sensei is from Osaka, and Osaka Ben is the dominant dialect that influences all the surrounding areas. Therefore we decided to go with Osaka Ben.

Of course this lesson is not a comprehensive guide to Osaka Ben as that would fill a few books. However, this lesson will teach you the most common phrases, speech patterns and intonation that you will hear on the streets of Osaka.

The main dialog is recorded by natives from Osaka including Ami so you’ll learn the authentic accent. We also included a dialog in standard Japanese so you can compare. Enjoy!

Main Dialog – Osaka Ben (Japanese)

A: めっちゃ久しぶりやん。最近どないしてんの?

B: 相変わらずやで。そっちは?

A: ぼちぼちやな。ま、頑張ってるで。
B: そうなんや。うちなんか全然あかんわ。

A: なんでなん?

B: 彼氏と別れてん。

A: え、そうなん?知らんかった。俺やって全然彼女できへんで。

B: 付き合おか。 A: なんでやねん!

Main Dialog – Osaka Dialect (English and pronunciation)

A:  Meccha hisashiburi yan. Saikin donain shiten no? –It’s been ages. How have you been recently?

B:  Aikawarazu ya de. Socchi wa? –Same as usual. About about you?

A:  Bochi bochi ya na. Ma, gannbatteru de. – So so I guess. Well, doing my best.

B:  Sō nan ya. Uchi nanka zenzen akan wa. – Really? I’m not good at all.

A:  Nande nan? – Why?

B:  Kareshi to wakareten. –I split up with my boyfriend.

A:  E? Sō nan? Shirankatta. Boku yatte, zenzen kanojo dekihen de. – Eh? Really? I didn’t know. I can never get a girlfriend.

B:  Tsuki aoka? –Wanna date?

A: Nande yanen! – What the heck!

Main Dialog – Standard Dialect Version

Here is the same dialog written in standard Japanese. Can you spot the differences?

A:  めちゃめちゃ久しぶりじゃん。最近どうしてるの?

Meccha hisashiburi jan. Saikin dō shiteru no.
It’s been ages. How have you been recently?

B:  相変わらずだよ。そっちは?

Aikawarazu da yo. Socchi wa?Same as usual.

About about you?

A:  普通かな。ま、頑張ってるよ。

Futsuu ka na. Ma gambatteru yo.

Same as usual. About about you?

B:  そうなんだ。私なんか全然だめだよ。
Sō nan da. Watashi nanka zenzen dame da yo.

Really? I’m not good at all.

A:  どうして?

Dō shite?

Why?

B:  彼氏と別れたの。

Kareshi to wakareta no.

I split up with my boyfriend.

A:  え、そうなの?知らなかった。俺だって全然彼女できないよ。

E sō na no? Shiranakatta. Boku datte, zenzen kanojo dekinai yo.

Eh? Really? I didn’t know. I can never get a girlfriend.

B:  付き合おっか。

Tsuki aokka?

Wanna date?

A: なんでだよ!

Nande da yo!

What the heck!

Extra Osaka Ben Phrases

ちゃう – Chau – No / That’s not right

ええ – Ee – Good / OK (ええやん、ええで、ええよ)
アホ – Aho – Stupid

なおす – Naosu – Put something away (Standard Japanese = to fix something)

Random Phrase of the Week

This week’s random phrase of the week is:

ちゃうちゃう、チャウチャウちゃうんちゃう?

Chau chau, chau chau chaun chau.

No no, that’s not a Chow chow is it?! Let’s break it down like this…

ちゃうちゃう 、 チャウチャウ ちゃうん ちゃう?

No no, a chow chow dog , it is not , is it?

Or in more natural English “No no, it’s not a Chow chow is it?!”

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Have you been scratching your head trying to work out what “Yappari” means? Well, scratch your head no more! In this podcast Ami sensei and I (Alex) attempt to explain what Yappari means. We teach you the three main meanings of Yappari and how to use it naturally and fluently in conversation with your Japanese friends. For more information keep reading, listen to the podcast and download the show notes.

What does Yappari mean?

1. Yappari – I knew it!

One common use of yappari expresses the fact that your assumptions or predictions were proved to be correct. It also means you were not surprised by a particular outcome. It might be translated into English as “I knew it”, “As I suspected…” or “…but of course…” Another way to think of it is as a phrase that emphasises IS or WAS, as in “It WAS you” or “He IS the culprit!”

Here’s an example of how it can be used in conversation.

Dialog 1

A:	ねえ、最後のクッキー食べた？	Ne, saigo no kukkii tabeta?	Hey, did you eat the last cookie?
B:	え…	E…	Um…
A:	ほら！何これ？クッキーでしょう？！	Hora! Nani kore? Kukki deshō?!	Look! What’s this? It’s a cookie isn’t it?!
B:	だって、お腹減ってたから。	Datte, onaka heteta kara.	But, I was hungry.
A:	やっぱり。	Yappari.	I knew it!
B:	ごめんね。	Gomen ne.	Sorry.

 

Here are some other examples that express the yappari in the same way.

1. 彼が犯人だとずっと思ってて、やっぱりそうだった。

Kare wa hannin da to zutto omottete, yappari sō datta.

I thought he was the criminal, and I knew it, he was.

 

2. もう一度やってみたけどやっぱり無理だった

Mō ichido yatte mita kedo, yappari muri datta.

I tried one more time, but as I suspected, it was impossible.

 

3. やっぱり彼女来なかった。

Yappari kanojo konakatta.

I knew it, she didn’t come.

2. Yappari – Indeed it is!

Another use of yappari emphasises the strength of your opinion. For example, I really do think that something is true. やっぱり温泉が好き Yappari onsen ga suki means I really do indeed love hot springs. English translations might include “indeed” or “of course”.

Dialog 2

A:	日本で何が一番好き？	Nihon de nani ga ichiban suki?	What do you most like about Japan?
B:	やっぱり温泉が好き。あみは？	Yappari onsen ga suki. Ami wa?	I really do love hot springs. How about you Ami?
A:	たこ焼きかな。	Takoyaki kana?	Takoyaki I guess.
B:	やっぱりね。	Yappari ne.	I knew it.

 

Note: In this conversation we have two different examples of how yappari is used. Yappari onsen ga suki is the 2nd use of yappari which emphasises the point that the speaker does indeed like hot springs. After Ami says she likes Takoyaki, the reply is yappari which in this case is means “I knew it” as we learned with dialog 1.

Here are some more examples of how yappari is used to mean “indeed” or “of course”:

2.1 やっぱり毎日日本語を勉強しなきゃ。

Yappari mainichi nihongo o benkyō shinakya.

Of course, you have to study Japanese everyday.

 

2.2 やっぱり彼女が好き。

Yappari, kanojo ga suki.

I DO like her / I do indeed like her / Of course, I like her.

 

2.3 和食と言えばやっぱり刺身。

Washoku to ieba yappari sashimi.

If you are talking about Japanese food, of course it’s gotta be Sashimi.

3. Yappari – Ah, you know what? I changed my mind.

The final use of yappari is used when you change your mind. It means something like “Ah, you know what? I changed my mind” or “Actually, let’s not”. Here’s an example in dialog form:

Dialog 3

A:	明日なにする？	Ashita nani suru?	What are you doing tomorrow?
B:	公園に行くよ。やっぱりやめる。明日雨だ。	Kōen ni iku yo. Yappari, yameru. Ashita ame da.	I’m going to the park. Actually, I won’t. It’s going to rain tomorrow.

 

Here are a couple of other examples:

3.1. やめようかな。やっぱりもうちょっと頑張る。

Yameyō kana. Yappari, mō chotto gambaru.

I give up. You know what? I’ll try a little more.

 

3.2. ケーキ食べたい。やっぱりやめる、ダイエットしなきゃ。

Keeki tabetai. Yappari yameru, dietto shinakya.

I want to eat a cake. Nope, I need to diet.

 

Random Phrase of the Week

In every podcast we tech a random phrase to amuse and delight your Japanese friends. Here is this week’s random phrase:

ウケる – Ukeru – That’s so funny.

Ex.1 あのテレビ番組超ウケる

Ano terebi bangumi chō ukeru.

That TV program is so funny.

 

Ex. 2 あの漫才ウケる

Ano manzai ukeru

That comedy duo is so funny.

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This podcast episode is about various phrases you can use to start up a conversation in Japanese. It is important to remember that each conversation is unique and how you start one depends on who you are talking to and the situation. However, in this episode you will hear some of the most common phrases you are likely to hear used by Japanese people. One final thing to remember is that this episode focuses on casual conversations between friends.

Here is a full vocabulary list taken from the podcast

Japanese	Pronunciation	English
久しぶり	Hisashiburi	Long time no see
元気？	Genki?	How you doing?
相変わらず	Aikawarazu	…as usual
バタバタしてる	Batabata shiteru	Really busy / hectic
夏バテ	Natsubate	Exhaustion from the summer
つらい	Tsurai	Tough
最近どう？	Saikin dō?	How’ve you been?
すごく暑い	Sugoku Atsui	Very hot
すごく寒い	Sugoku Samui	Very cold
熱中症	Necchūshō	Heat stroke
風邪をひいちゃった	Kaze o hiichatta	I caught a cold
インフルエンザ	Infuruenza	Influenza
気をつけてね	Ki o tsukete ne	Take care

 

Podcast Dialog 1

A:	久しぶり元気？	Hisashiburi genki	Long time no see, you good?
B:	元気だよ。あみは？	Genki da yo. Ami wa?	I’m good. And you Ami?
A:	相変わらずバタバタしているよ。最近どう？	Aikawarazu batabata shiteru yo. Saikin dō?	Busy as usual. How’ve you been?
B:	そうだね。ちょっと夏バテがつらい。	Sō da ne. Chotto natsubate ga tsurai.	Well, I’ve been suffering due to the summer heat.
A:	最近はすごく暑いよね。熱中症にならないように気をつけてね。	Saikin wa sugoku atsui yo ne. Necchūshō ni naranai yō ni ki o tsukete ne.	It’s been really hot recently hasn’t it? Be careful not to get heat stroke.
B:	はーい！	Haai	Sure.

Dialog 2

A:	久しぶり元気？	Hisashiburi genki	Long time no see, you good?
B:	元気だよ。あみは？	Genki da yo. Ami wa?	I’m good. And you Ami?
A:	相変わらずバタバタしているよ。最近どう？	Aikawarazu batabata shiteru yo. Saikin dō?	Busy as usual. How’ve you been?
B:	そうだね。ちょっと風邪をひいちゃったよ。	Sō da ne. Chotto kaze o hiichatta yo.	Well, I caught a cold.
A:	最近はすごく寒いよね。インフルエンザにならないように気をつけてね。	Saikin wa sugoku samui yo ne. Infuruenza ni naranai yō ni ki o tsukete ne.	It’s been really cold recently hasn’t it? Be careful not to get influenza.
B:	はーい！	Haai	Sure.

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How to eat Takoyaki

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In this lesson you are going to learn how to say “must” in Japanese. Here’s the problem. There are a confusing number of ways to say it. Just look at this list of phrases which all mean the same thing:

しなければなりません Shinakereba narimasen

しなければいけません Shinakereba ikemasen
しなくてはいけません Shinakute wa ikemasen
しなくちゃいけません Shinakucha ikemasen
しなきゃいけません Shinakya ikemasen
しないといけません Shinai to ikemasen
しなくちゃ Shinakucha
しなきゃ Shinakya
しないと Shinai to

Not only that but each way of saying “must” in Japanese has a different level of politeness associated with it for different social situations. It’s also quite common for Japanese schools and textbooks to only teach the formal way of saying of “must”. However, in daily life in Japan, you will notice that most of the time, people tend to use the casual form.

But fear not dear student of Japanese, Learn Japanese Pod will help you to navigate this linguistic confusion. We are all about teaching you the most useful and natural Japanese for daily life in Japan. Therefore, this lesson will exclusively focus on the casual form which in my experience is the most useful form to know.

But before we do, let’s briefly study the grammar and a little of the culture behind this.

Grammar: How to say “must” in Japanese

One of the most formal and common ways you will be taught “must” in Japanese is:

しなければなりません Shinakereba narimasen

This is made from two parts “Shinakereba” which means “If I do not” and “Narimasen” which means “It is not allowed”. So this literally means, “it is not allowed if I do not do it” or “It will be bad if I don’t do it”.

This two part form is used for most levels of politeness

If I don’t do it It will not be allowed

Shinakereba Narimasen

Shinakereba Ikemasen

Shinakya Ikemasen

There is no direct way of saying must in Japanese so this indirect double negative form is used. This roundabout way of saying “must” in Japanese perhaps reflects the way Japanese shy away from direct language and confrontational statements.

The most common way to say “must” in Japanese

As you will discover when you come to Japan, most people in daily conversation use the common form. Instead of using the tongue twisting “Shinakereba narimasen” you can drop the -nakereba narimasen and simply add -kya to give you shinakya – I must do something.

The formal way of saying I have to clean the house is:

掃除しなければなりません – Sōji shinakereba narimasen – I have to clean (the house)

However, the more common and easy way to say that is

掃除しなきゃ – Sōji shinakya –  I have to clean

How to construct the casual form of “must” in Japanese

To say you must do something using other verbs using the casual form, simply follow these steps:

Step 1) Take the negative casual form of a verb, for example:

しない Shinai Don’t do

行かない Ikanai Don’t go

食べない Tabenai Don’t eat

買わない Kawanai Don’t buy

Step 2) Replace the -i at the end of the verb with -kya

しなきゃ Shinakya I must do (something)

行かなきゃ Ikanakya I must go (somewhere)

食べなきゃ Tabenakya I must eat (something)

買わなきゃ Kawanakya I must buy (something)

Finally, there are three common casual forms:

1) しなきゃ Shinakya

2) しなくちゃ Shinakucha

3) しないと Shinai to

Sometimes people will add いけない to the end of these forms to make:

しなきゃいけない

しなくちゃいけない

しないといけない

You can use any of these forms in a casual setting to say you must do something. This lesson will focus on using just shinakya.

Main Dialog

A:	ごめん、もう行かなきゃ。	Gomen mō ikanakya.	Sorry, I have to go.
B:	え？なんで？	E? Nande?	Eh? Why?
A:	明日早く起きなきゃ。	Ashita hayaku okinakya.	Tomorrow I have to wake up early.
B:	何かあるの？	Nani ka aru?	Do you have something?
A:	明日色々しなきゃいけないんだよね。	Ashita iroiro shinakya ikenain da yo ne.	Tomorrow I have to do various things.
B:	何を？	Nani o?	What?
A:	まず部屋が汚いから掃除しなきゃ。後、彼女が来るから料理作らなきゃ。じゃあ…	Mazu, heya ga kitanai kara sōji shinakya. Ato, kanojo ga kuru kara ryōri o tsukuranakya. Jaa…	First, as my room is dirty I have to clean. Then because my girlfriend is coming I have to make some food. Right…
B:	ちょっと待て、お会計は？	Chotto matte, okaikei wa?	Wait, what about the bill?
A:	そうだった、お金払わなきゃね。	Sō datta, okane harawanakya.	Oh right. I have to pay!

Other examples of saying I must in Japanese

Here are some more examples of how you can say you must do something:

１） 明日5時に起きなきゃ、めどくさい。

Ashita goji ni okinakya, mendokusai

Tomorrow I have to wake up at 5am, what a hassle.

２） まずいけど薬飲まなきゃ。

Mazui kedo kusuri nomanakya

It doesn’t taste good but I have take (drink) this medicine

３） あ、買い物忘れちゃった、買わなきゃ！

A, kaimono wasurechatta, kawanakya!

Ah, I forgot the shopping. I have to buy something!

４） もう時間だ。行かなきゃ！

Mo jikan da. Ikanakya!

It’s time. I have to go.

５） この部屋超汚い、掃除しなきゃ！

Kono heya chō kitanai, sōji shinakya.

This room is super dirty, I have to clean it.

６） 明日テストがあるから勉強しなきゃ。

Ashita tesuto ga aru kara benkō shinakya.

Tomorrow I have a test so I have to study.

７） 東京がゴジラに攻められてるから逃げなきゃ。

Tōkyō ga gojira ni semerareteru kara nigenakya.

Godzilla is attacking Tokyo so we have to run!

Random Phrase of the Week

飯テロ Meshi Tero

This is used to make fun of people post pictures what they are eating on social media. It also refers to the way your friends are “terrorised” by the these pictures especially when they are hungry.

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In this lesson Ami and I teach you how to ask and give your opinions on various topics using the verb 思う Omou – To think. This is usually used to say “I think that…”.

思う is a very useful phrase you use all the time in conversation in Japanese. The main grammatical structure we will be using is this:

Something or someone…どう思う？Dō omou which means what do you think about so and so… For example:

彼女どう思う？ Kanojo wa dō omou What do you think of her?

彼どう思う？ Kare wa dō omou What do you think of him?

Then to answer you could say your opinion plus と思う which means I think so and so. So, for example you can say 可愛いと思うよ Kawaii to omou yo which means I think she’s cute or カッコイイと思うよ Kakko ii to omou which means I think he’s cool.

Here are the example conversations in the podcast:

 

Dialog 01

A:	君のなはってどう思う？	Kimi no na wa dō omou?	What do you think of “Kimi no na wa”?
B:	面白いと思うよ。	Omoshiroi to omou yo.	I think it’s interesting.
A:	なんでそう思うの？	Nande sō omou no?	Why do you think so?
B:	ストーリーがロマンチックだからね。	Sutoorii ga romanchikku da kara ne.	Because the story is romantic.

Dialog 02

A:	ねぇ、iPhoneってどう思う？	Nee, iPhone te dō omou?	What do you think of the iPhone?
B:	まあまあだと思うよ。	Maamaa da to omou yo.	It’s so so.
A:	なんでそう思うの？	Nande sō omou no?	Why do you think so?
B:	便利だけど高いからね。	Benri dakedo taki kara ne.	Because it’s useful but expensive.

 

Dialog 03

A:	ねぇ、この髪型ってどう思う？	Nee, kono kamigata dō omou?	What do you think of my hairstyle?
B:	似合うと思うよ。	Niau to omou yo.	It suits you.
A:	なんでそう思うの？	Nande sō omou no?	Why do you think so?
B:	君は顔が小さいからね。	Kimi wa kao ga chiisai kara ne.	Because you have a small face.

 

Dialog 04

A:	ねぇ、彼女ってどう思う？	Nee, kanojo te dō omou?	What do you think of her?
B:	可愛いと思うよ。	Kawaii to omou yo.	She’s cute.
A:	なんでそう思うの？	Nande sō omou no?	Why do you think so?
B:	おっちょこちょいだからね。	Occhokochou dakara ne.	Because she’s so clumsy.

Dialog 05

A:	ねぇ、彼ってどう思う？	Nee, kare te dō omou?	What do you think of him?
B:	いい人じゃないと思うよ。	Ii hito ja nai to omou yo.	I don’t think he’s a good person.
A:	なんでそう思うの？	Nande sō omou no?	Why do you think so?
B:	浮気ばかりしてるからね。	Uwaki bakari dakara ne.	Because he’s always cheating (on girls).

 

Dialog 06

A:	ねぇ、このレストランってどう思う？	Nee, kono restoran te dō omou?	What do you think of this restaurant?
B:	イマイチだと思うよ。	IImaichi da to omou yo.	It’s a little disappointing.
A:	なんでそう思うの？	Nande sō omou no?	Why do you think so?
B:	食べ物は美味しいけどサービスが悪いからね。	Tabemono wa oishii kedo saabisu ga warui kara ne.	Because although the food is good the service is bad.

 

Extra Grammar Notes

Casual and polite ways to say “I think…”

Casual	Polite
どう思う？ Dō omou?What do you think?	どう思いますか Dō omoimasu ka?What do you think?
…と思う。…to omouI think…	…と思います。…to omoimasu.I think …

 

Random Phrase of the Week

A: 最近どう？ Saikin dō? How have you been recently?

B: 相変わらずだよ Aikawarazu da yo Same old, same old…

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In this podcast Ami and I talk about what to do if you lose your wallet or other personal items when in Japan. The good news is that Japanese people are generally very law abiding and honest. Therefore, if someone finds your lost item, there is a good chance they will hand it in to the police and you will get it back.

If you do lose something, the best idea is to ring the place you think you left it and ask if it has been found. If you lose something on the train it’s best to go to the station master’s office and ask there. If you drop something in the street then you should go to a Koban or police box.

This lesson focuses on how to call the last place you were at to ask the staff if they found you things. Study the vocabulary list and dialogs below to learn how to do it.

Vocabulary featured in the podcast

もしもし	Moshi moshi	Hello (On the phone)
一番寿司でございます	Ichibanzushi de gozaimasu	This is Ichiban Sushi
すみません	Sumimasen	Excuse me
昨日	Kinō	Yesterday
そちら	Sochira	There (Polite)
財布	Saifu	Wallet
カバン	Kaban	Bag
携帯電話	Keitai denwa	Mobile phone
忘れた	Wasureta	Forgot
何色	Nani iro	What colour
少々お待ちください	Shōshō omachi kudasai	One moment please
届いてますよ	Todoitemasu yo	It is here (Someone found it)
ありがとうございます	Arigtō gozaimasu	Thank you

Dialog 01

A:	もしもし幕張メッセでございます。	Moshi moshi, Makuhari Messe de gozaimasu.	Hello, this is Makuhari Messe.
B:	すみません、昨日そちらで財布を忘れたのですが。	Sumimasen, Kinō sochira de saifu o wasureta no desu ga.	Excuse me, I left a wallet there yesterday.
A:	何色のお財布ですか。	Nani iro no osaifu desu ka	What colour is the wallet?
B:	黒い革の財布です。	Kuroi kawa no saifu desu	It is a black leather wallet.
A:	少々お待ちください。届いていますよ。	Shōshō omachi kudasai. Todoite imasu yo.	One moment please. We have it.
B:	ありがとうございます。	Arigatō gozaimasu.	Thank you very much.

Dialog 02

A:	もしもし一番寿司でございます。	Moshi moshi, Ichibanzushi de gozaimasu.	Hello, this is Ichiban Sushi.
B:	すみません、昨日そちらでカバンを忘れたのですが。	Sumimasen, Kinō sochira de kaban o wasureta no desu ga.	Excuse me, I left a bag there yesterday.
A:	何色のおカバンですか。	Nani iro no okaban desu ka	What colour is the bag?
B:	赤い革のカバンです。	Akai kawa no kaban desu	It is a red leather bag.
A:	少々お待ちください。届いていますよ。	Shōshō omachi kudasai. Todoite imasu yo.	One moment please. We have it.
B:	ありがとうございます。	Arigatō gozaimasu.	Thank you very much.

Dialog 03

A:	もしもし六本木ヒルズでございます。	Moshi moshi, Roppongi Hiruzu de gozaimasu.	Hello, this is Roppongi Hills.
B:	すみません、昨日そちらで携帯電話を忘れたのですが。	Sumimasen, Kinō sochira de keitaidenwa o wasureta no desu ga.	Excuse me, I left a mobile phone there yesterday.
A:	携帯電話の機種はなんですか。	Keitaidenwa no kishu wa nan desu ka.	What type of phone is it?
B:	iPhone8です。	iPhone hachi desu.	It’s an iPhone 8.
A:	少々お待ちください。届いていますよ。	Shōshō omachi kudasai. Todoite imasu yo.	One moment please. We have it.
B:	ありがとうございます。	Arigatō gozaimasu.	Thank you very much.

Extra Phrases

Let’s study some other phrases related to lost items:

1) 申し訳ありませんが財布は届いてないようです。

Mōshi wake arimasen ga saifu wa todoite inai yō desu.

I’m very sorry but it seems your wallet hasn’t been handed in.

2) 連絡先を教えていただけたら見つかり次第ご連絡します。

Renrakusaki o oshiete itadaketara mitsukari shidai gorenraku shimasu.

If you give me your contact details we’ll contact you the moment it is found.

3) 忘れ物

Wasuremono

Lost items

4) 紛失届け

Fun shitsu todoke

A form to fill out at the police station for lost items

Cultural Points

1. The Japanese are generally quite law abiding and honest. Most times, if found, your lost items  will be returned.
2. If you lose something on the train go to the nearest 駅長室 Eki Chō shitsu – Station master’s office and tell them what you lost and on which train it was on. They’ll ring ahead to the next station or terminal station to see if they can locate your items.
3. You can also go to any 交番 Koban police box to report lost or stolen items. For lost items you would write out a form called a 紛失届け Fun shitsu todoke

Random Phrase Of The Week

あたまが真っ白

Atama ga masshiro

When you mind goes completely blank or you are lost for words.

 

留守番電話を残す時いつもあたまが真っ白

Rusuban denwa o nokosu toki ni atama ga masshiro

When I leave a message on an answering machine my mind goes completely blank

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In this podcast, Ami and I (Alex) teach you how to talk about your favorite movies in Japanese. Listen to the podcasts and read the dialogs below to get an idea of what these phrases and dialogs mean. You can also download the PDFs too! Enjoy!

Dialog 01
	Japanese	Pronunciation	English
A:	「君の名は」見た？	“Kimi no na wa” mita?	Did you see “Kimi no na wa”?
B:	見たよ！	Mita yo!	I saw it!
A:	どうだった？面白かった？	Dō datta. Omoshirokatta?	How was it? Was it interesting?
B:	うん、すごく面白かったよ。	Un, omoshirokatta yo.	Uh huh, it was interesting.
A:	私も見ようかな？	Watashi mo miyō kana	I guess I should go and see it.
B:	うん、すごくおすすめだよ。	Un, sugoku osusume da yo.	Yeah, I highly recommend it

 

Dialog 02
	Japanese	Pronunciation	English
A:	「ミニオンズ」見た？	“Minions” mita?	Did you see “Minions”?
B:	見たよ！	Mita yo!	I saw it!
A:	どうだった？面白かった？	Dō datta. Omoshirokatta?	How was it? Was it interesting?
B:	面白かったけど、声優がイマイチだった。	Omoshirokatta kedo seiyuu ga imaichi datta.	It was interesting but the voice actors weren’t so good.
A:	私も見ようかな？	Watashi mo miyō kana	I guess I should go and see it.
B:	そうだね、もし週末時間があったら見に行ってみればいいよ。	Sō da ne, moshi shuumatsu jikan ga attara mi ni itte mireba ii yo.	Well, if you have time at the weekend, you should go and see it.

 

Dialog 03
	Japanese	Pronunciation	English
A:	「スターウォーズ」見た？	Sutaauozu mita?	Did you see Star Wars?
B:	見たよ！	Mita yo!	I saw it!
A:	どうだった？面白かった？	Dō datta. Omoshirokatta?	How was it? Was it interesting?
B:	全然面白くなかった。ストーリーがつまらなかった。	Zenzen omoshirokunakatta. Sutōrii ga tsumaranakatta.	It wasn’t interesting at all. The story was boring.
A:	私も見ようかな？	Watashi mo miyō kana	I guess I should go and see it.
B:	止めた方がいいよ。	Yameta hō ga ii yo.	You shouldn’t.

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In this podcast, Ami and I, teach you some fun conversations you can have with your friends in Japanese.  The first thing you need to know when speaking on the phone in Japanese is the word Moshi moshi which is hello but used exclusively for the phone. You can use this for both casual and polite conversations.

Listen to the podcast and read the dialogs below to get a better idea of how to have a conversation on the phone in Japanese with your friends.

Phone Dialog 01

Dialog 01
	Japanese	Pronunciation	English
A:	もしもし	Moshi moshi	Hello
B:	もしもし、あみ元気？	Moshi moshi, Ami genki?	Hello, how are you Ami?
A:	元気だよ	Genki da yo	I’m good.
B:	最近どう？	Saikin dō?	How have you been recently?
A:	最近は仕事漬けの毎日!	Saikin wa shigotozuke no mainichi!	Recently, I’ve been so busy at work.
B:	そうなんだ……大変だね。	Sō nan da…Taihen da ne.	Oh really…that’s tough.
A:	全然平気！	Zenzen heiki!	I’m totally fine!

Phone Dialog 02

Dialog 02
	Japanese	Pronunciation	English
A:	もしもし	Moshi moshi	Hello
B:	もしもし、あみ元気？	Moshi moshi, Ami genki?	Hello, how are you Ami?
A:	元気だよ	Genki da yo	I’m good.
B:	最近どう？	Saikin dō?	How have you been recently?
A:	最近、彼女ができたよ	Saikin kanojo ga dekita yo	Recently I got a new girlfriend
B:	そうなんだ！良かったね！	Sō nan da! Yokatta ne!	Oh really? That’s great!
A:	毎日楽しすぎる！	Mainichi tanoshisugiru!	It’s so much fun everyday!

 

Phone Dialog 03

 

Dialog 03
	Japanese	Pronunciation	English
A:	もしもし	Moshi moshi	Hello
B:	もしもし、あみ元気？	Moshi moshi, Ami genki?	Hello, how are you Ami?
A:	元気だよ	Genki da yo	I’m good.
B:	最近どう？	Saikin dō?	How have you been recently?
A:	最近、ジムに通い出したよ	Saikin jimu ni kayoidashita yo	Recently I started going to the gym.
B:	そうなんだ！良いね！	Sō nan da! Ii ne!	Oh really? That’s good!
A:	毎日筋肉痛がやばいよ！	Mainichi kinnikutsuu ga yabai yo!	The muscle soreness is really bad everyday!

 

Extra Phone Phrases

携帯電話 – Keitai denwa – Mobile phone

携帯番号 – Keitai bangō – Mobile number

メアド – Meado – Mail address

待受画面 – Machiukegamen – Standby screen (for phone)

写メ – Shame – Mobile phone picture

スマホ – Sumaho – Smart Phone

ガラケー – Garakeh – Flip phone

 

Polite Phone Phrases

田中さんはいらっしゃいますか – Tanaka san wa irasshaimasu ka

Is Tanaka san there?  / Can I speak to Mr. Tanaka?

 

田中は出かけております – Tanaka wa dekakete orimasu.

Tanaka is out right now.

 

伝言をお願いします – Dengon o onegaishimasu.

Can I leave a message please?

 

折り返しお電話いただけますか – Orikaeshi odenwa itadakemasu ka?

Could you ask them to call me back please?

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Everything You Need to Know to Speak Japanese Fluently

One of the most common questions I get at Learn Japanese Pod is “How do I learn to speak Japanese fluently?”. The usual problem I hear is that although students study lots of vocabulary and grammar, they can’t seem to put it together to hold even a simple conversation. Fluency seems out of the question. Well, I hear you because I used to be in the same situation. I was really frustrated. However, after a lot of trial and error… and coffee, I eventually began to discover some effective study techniques, strategies and the mindset that actually worked.

Now, fluency didn’t happen overnight but my ability to hold natural flowing conversations with my Japanese friends got noticeably better and my progress definitely sped up. So if you are feeling confused, frustrated and your motivation is crumbling, it’s time to get your Japanese back on track. So this is why I decided to make this podcast and guide to show you absolutely everything you need to know to speak Japanese fluently.

You can listen to the podcast here where Ami sensei and I discuss this topic in detail. Then keep reading below for more in-depth information with links to useful resources.

Podcast Dialog – How to Speak Japanese Fluently

Japanese	Pronunciation	English
A: 先生、質問しても良いですか？	Sensei, shitsumon shite mo ii desu ka.	Teacher, may I ask a question?
B: はい、どうぞ。	Hai dōzo.	Sure, go ahead.
A: どうすれば日本語を流暢に話せるようになりますか？	Dō sureba nihongo o ryuuchō ni hanaseru you ni narimasu ka?	How can I become fluent at speaking Japanese?
B: そうですね。やっぱり教材はもちろんですが、日本のテレビを観たり、日本の音楽をたくさん聴いてみてください。	Sō desu ne. Yappari kyōzai wa mochiron desu ga, nihon no terebi o mitari, nihongo no ongaku o takusan kiite kudasai.	Let me see. Well of course you need study materials but you should watch Japanese TV, listen to a lot of music, stuff like that.
A: なるほど。	Naruhodo.	I see.
B: 私の友達は、日本に住んだことはないですが、そうやって日本語を結構覚えましたよ。	Watashi no tomodachi wa nihon ni sunda koto ga nai desu ga sō yatte nihongo o kekkō oboemashita yo.	I have a friend who never lived in Japan. However, he learned a lot of Japanese that way.
A: 他に何かアドバイスはありますか？	Hoka ni adobaisu ga arimasu ka?	Do you have any other advice?
B: 日本語が話せる友達を作って、積極的に日本語で会話をしましょう。	Nihongo ga hanaseru tomodachi o tsukutte, sekkyokuteki ni nihongo de kaiwa o shimashou.	Make Japanese speaking friends and proactively try to have conversations in Japanese.
A: 分かりました。頑張ります！	Wakarimashita. Ganbarimasu.	I understand. I will do my best.

The Secret to Speaking Japanese Fluently

Here’s the brutal truth.

There is no secret to speaking fluent Japanese. And if anyone tells you there is a magical course that teaches you how to speak perfect Japanese in 3 days, buy a fire extinguisher because someone’s pants are on fire. It takes time, commitment and hard work…and coffee…I mentioned coffee right?

Anyway, I can’t give you a magic pill BUT…

And this is a big but…

I can tell you the dumb things I did so you don’t have to. And that’s going to save you a LOT of time and frustration. Plus there are more efficient and effective ways to study that will further save time.

But what do we actually mean by “fluency”?

What does “fluent Japanese” mean?

Fluent doesn’t necessarily mean native speaker level. To me, fluency simply means you can express what you want to say, clearly, easily and quickly without getting stuck or stumbling over your words. If you can order sushi or do a simple self introduction in Japanese, you have a basic level of fluency. No, you’re not native level but you could survive in Japan with a limited number of phrases. So don’t feel overwhelmed. Remember fluency isn’t how much you know, it’s how well you use it.

So, let’s move to the first step you need to take on your journey to Japanese fluency.

1. Set Specific Goals

Perhaps the biggest mistake students of Japanese make is not being clear about what they want to achieve. You need to set clear, specific goals, broken down into small achievable steps with deadlines. And here are my personal reasons:

1. Set it and forget it – This avoids stress and decision fatigue worrying over what you should study next. It keeps it simple.
2. Focus equals momentum – A focused goal gets you to where you want to go more quickly.
3. Goals avoid waste – If you get super specific about what to achieve you avoid wasteful and irrelevant study
4. Deadlines make it real – Set a date to increase the chances of success. A deadline further focuses you and makes your goals more concrete. Breaking things into small steps with many deadlines can help to avoid feeling overwhelmed.

What’s a good Japanese Study Goal?

So what’s a good goal? If you say “I want to speak kick ass, ninja level Japanese” that’s all well and good but it’s too vague and lacks a clear goal. Something better would be “I want to be able to say 100 travel related phrases fluently for my trip to Japan in three months”.

Now you know the following:

1. Exactly what you will study
2. Exactly how much you need to study
3. When your deadline is

Breaking down your goal into small achievable steps will increase your chances of success. So learning 100 phrases in 3 months is a pace of just over 1 phrase a day, totally achievable.

Try to set a goal that inspires and motivates you. Also, try to pick a goal that allows you to be able to do something. You want to build skills rather than simply piling up words. Here are some examples:

I want to learn all the phrases to order food at a Japanese restaurant within 2 weeks.

I want to be able to ask and understand directions in Japanese in one month.

To really demonstrate how a short and laser focused goal can help you make progress more quickly, try out my completely free 5 Day Japanese Challenge. It emails you a new lesson every day and if you follow the course properly you will be able to give a natural self introduction in flawless Japanese in five days.

If you are still not sure what goal to set, choose something, anything, simply to get started. For example, you could attempt to pass the N5 Japanese Language Proficiency Test in 6 months. And even if you fail the test, you will have still improved your Japanese.

2. Get the Right Japanese Study Materials

Now you have a clear goal, you will need good materials and resources to study with. This depends on your goal and level of Japanese. For beginners, I recommend buying a  good standard Japanese textbook. Now, this won’t guarantee fluency, however, a good textbook will teach you the basic grammar and vocabulary you need to build your base before you can attempt conversations. Here are some of my top recommendations:

Recommendations for basic Japanese textbooks

GENKI I – This is good  standard textbook used in university Japanese courses. This is more grammar heavy so it will give you a good language base to build on. It includes an audio CD which you can use to listen and practice with. Japanese for Busy People is another widely known text good for teaching you the basics.

Nihongo Fun and Easy – A smaller but awesome little Japanese conversational textbook that focuses more on daily situational dialogs and includes a CD to practice with. This is not as comprehensive as Genki but might get you speaking basic Japanese more quickly.

NIHONGO Breakthrough – Another really good Japanese conversational textbook that focuses on real life situations and natural language to improve you basic level of fluency.

Again, these textbooks won’t make you fluent over night. However,  they will give you the essential base  Japanese grammar and vocabulary you need to work towards fluency.

And textbooks on their own are not enough. We need to look at some effective techniques to get you speaking more fluently in less time.

3. Drill, Drill and Drill Again

If there was only one single technique I could teach you that would massively help your fluency, that would be drilling. It’s an incredibly powerful technique that will build you vocabulary, speed, pronunciation and fluency.

Drilling is simply repeating phrases out loud over and over again until you can say them easily and without thinking.

I first started studying Japanese on my own. I bought a random Japanese conversation textbook, read the dialogs, listened to the audio and repeated every phrase and conversation until I could say them automatically. The book wasn’t that great and some of the conversations were kind of boring and not even that useful. Here is a reconstruction of the silly things I drilled:

Japanese	Pronunciation	English
A: 田中さんの車はどこの車ですか	Tanaka san no kuruma wa doko no kuruma desu ka	Mr. Tanaka, what make of car is that?
B: トヨタの車です	Toyota no kuruma desu	It’s a Toyota
A: あ、そうですか	A sou desu ka	Oh really?

One would have thought a more interesting conversation would have been:

A: Hey Tanaka, what make of car is that?

B: See the sign that says Toyota on the front? Yeah that means it’s a Toyota…you idiot!

ANYWAY…

It wasn’t the best textbook in the world. However, drilling the dialogs out loud repeatedly really helped it all stick in my head. And as I discovered it improved my memory, pronunciation, speed and fluency. I didn’t become fluent immediately but my progress noticeably did speed up.

Gap Fill Drills

Another effective technique I discovered was gap fills. A gap fill is drilling a sentence and changing one word every time you repeat it. Take the following sentence and say this as many times as it takes to stick in your head:

日本語を上達させるためには勉強が大事だ

Nihongo o jōtatsu suru tame ni wa benkyō ga daiji da

To improve your Japanese fluency, study is important.

Now you have learned that, you can say it again but this time change the word in red to something else so you can make a new sentence.

日本語を上達させるめには読書が大事だ

Nihongo o jōtatsu suru tame ni wa dokusho ga daiji da

To improve your Japanese fluency, study is important.

You can also use a little humour to make things fun and memorable.

日本語を上達させるためにはコーヒーが大事だ

Nihongo o jōtatsu suru tame ni wa kōhii ga daiji da

To improve your Japanese fluency, coffee is important.

The reason I love this technique is it allows you to drill and learn useful patterns of speech. But it also allows you to create an almost infinite number of new unique sentences. This is how fluency begins.

Shadowing

One last technique is shadowing. Shadowing involves playing audio and repeating out loud exactly what you hear. So just listen and repeat. The textbooks I mentioned earlier have audio CDs you can use.

You could also shadow using youtube videos and even music CDs if you have them. Karaoke is also a great way to build your listening and speaking skills.

So the are various ways to drill and all very effective in building your spoken muscle memory so you can develop automatic recall which is what you will need to speak Japanese fluently.

4. Paraphrase to develop Japanese Fluency

Paraphrasing is the ability to express the meaning of something using different words. Being able to say the same thing using different words or phrases massively boosts your fluency because it forces you to expand your spoken vocabulary.  It’s not an easy skill and requires a fair amount of study. However it is worth it because it is a powerful technique for boosting your fluency.

There are various ways you can paraphrase. Here are my favourite three.

Explain a Japanese word in Japanese

Being able to define a Japanese word in Japanese is a great exercise. For example, let’s use the word 暑い – Atsui – which as you probably know means hot. But can you describe what it means in Japanese? You could say 温度の高いもの – Ondo no takai mono – something with a high temperature. To do this yourself, use a good online Japanese dictionary such as the Goo dictionary at dictionary.goo.ne.jp

Japanese Synonyms

The second way is to find a synonym, that is another word which has a similar meaning. So you could use the word 熱 – Netsu – which means heat or fever. Or perhaps you can use the word 暖かい – Atatakai – which means warm.

Japanese Antonyms

The third way is to find an antonym, a phrase that means the opposite. If you use the negative form, it’s another way to paraphrase a word. For example, instead of 暑い you could say 寒くない which means not cold.

You don’t have to use all these techniques but being able to define a Japanese word in Japanese is a really powerful skill you should study towards. Again, use a good Japanese dictionary to help you.
There’s a good chapter on paraphrasing in Japanese in the book 13 Secrets for Speaking Fluent Japanese by Giles Murray.

5. Practice with Native Japanese Speakers

Now, I know some of you might be shy, attached to your textbook or live in an area where there are very few Japanese people. One of the most common complaints I hear is “I have no Japanese friends to practice with”.

However, if you really want to eventually be able to speak Japanese fluently you HAVE TO get out there and practice with native speakers. I know what you’re going to say; it’s impossible because [insert reason here…]. So here are some ideas that might possibly work for you.

1. Get a Japanese teacher or enrol on a Japanese course.
2. Use Meetup.com to locate and join a Japanese study group in your area. If not, make your own group. You never know, there may be other people interested in studying Japanese.
3. Attend Japanese cultural events. Institutions such as The Japan Society based in New York hold regular events for promoting Japanese culture. There may be an event closer to you than you think!
4. Use online language exchange sites. Although this is not an endorsement, you MIGHT find sites such as Lang-8 and iTalki useful for making online Japanese friends to practice with.

If those methods don’t work for you, then there is only one option left…

5. Go to Japan

I was incredibly lucky to be able to study Japanese intensively for one year in Tokyo when I was in university. I was able to take advantage of the language exchange program between my university in London and Tokyo.

When I got to Japan, I had studied Japanese for a year. However, after living in a dormitory of Japanese guys who spoke next to no English and studying intensively everyday, my Japanese fluency rapidly improved.

Not only that, it was one of the most enjoyable years I had at university. In fact if I hadn’t had that year, I don’t think my Japanese would be anywhere as good as it was today.

So I highly recommend coming to Japan to fully immerse yourself in the culture, language and life in Japan. If you keep studying and practicing I guarantee you will make speedier progress than just studying on your own at home.

If a year of intensive study sounds daunting, time consuming and expensive, I wont lie, it is. However, even if you can only manage to go for only a few months or weeks and enrol in a Japanese program, I recommend it as one of the most effective ways to make progress to Japanese fluently. These days there are lots of small colleges that do short Japanese courses for quite a reasonable price. Some of them will also help you with visa applications and a place to stay.

So, if you haven’t, go to Japan my friend!

6. Extra Japanese Fluency Strategies and Mindset

Let me finish this guide with a few more observations, strategies and mindsets that might help you to achieve your goal of learning to speak Japanese fluently.

It’s about consistency, not intensity

If you go to the gym on Monday and exercise for 10 hours, you won’t get fit. It’s much better to exercise a little everyday over the long term. In the same way, you want to study and use Japanese on a regular basis.

Don’t just study Japanese, USE Japanese

Of course you have to lay the groundwork and study Japanese regularly. However you also need to get out there and use it in real life. Always ask yourself, what will I be able to do if I study a particular lesson rather than trying to randomly cram words. This is also why you need to make Japanese friends if you haven’t!

Japanese Grammar is essential, but limited

When you start out in Japanese you have to study grammar to give you a framework to use to construct your own basic sentences. However, the more advanced you become, the less you will be able to rely on your textbook to learn natural patterns of speech. So get as much real speaking and listening practice as you can to pick up the real Japanese not in your textbooks.

Learn the culture behind the words

One thing I wished I had learned earlier was to have a deeper understanding of the culture behind the grammar and vocabulary I was learning. Learning more about Japanese culture gives you a much deeper understanding of the language and will make you a much better speaker.

For example, understanding different levels of politeness in Japanese will give you a really good insight into the culture and make your Japanese sound more natural.

Don’t be the foreigner who can speak fluent Japanese but just doesn’t “get it” and offends everyone. That’s called KY or Kuuki Yomei – someone who literally can’t “read the air” and is culturally unaware. You have been warned!

Make you studies fun!

This is kind of obvious but it’s worth saying. You have to make your studies fun, engaging and relevant to your interests. Don’t get too serious, have fun and good luck!

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Talking about Personality in Japanese

In this podcast, Ami Sensei and I teach you how to describe people’s personalities in natural Japanese. Listen to the full podcast and the dialog only audio underneath.

So we thought we would have look at how to discuss people’s personalities in this week’s podcast. However, instead of only teaching a list of phrases, we wanted to give some conversational examples of how you might talk about people’s characters.

Talking about people’s personalities in Japanese

In this podcast, Ami sensei and I talk about how to describe people’s personalities in Japanese and how to talk about your favorite “type” of person for dating and romance.

The first two dialogs show you how you can talk about people’s ideal boyfriend of girlfriend in terms of their personality.

Podcast Dialog 1.1

A:	ねえ、どんな人がタイプなの？	Ne, donna hito ga taipu na no?	Hey, what kind of person are you into?
B:	そうだね。やっぱり優しくて、気が利いて、陽気な人かな。	Sō da ne. Yappari yasashikute, ki ga kiite, yōki na hito kana.	Let me see. Of course kind, thoughtful and outgoing.
A:	本当？それだけ？	Hontō? Sore dake?	Really? That’s it?
B:	え？どういう意味それ？	E? Dō iu imi sore?	Eh? What do you mean by that?
A:	今までの彼氏みんなイケメンだったし、本当は面食いなんでしょう？	Ima made no kareshi ikemen datta shi, hontō wa menkui nan deshō?	All your boyfriends until now have been really good looking. You’re just into looks aren’t you?
B:	うるさいなぁ、もう！	Urusai na mō!	Oh shut up!

 

Podcast Dialog 1.2

A:	ねえ、どんな人がタイプなの？	Ne, donna hito ga taipu na no?	Hey, what kind of person are you into?
B:	そうだね。やっぱり優しくて、気が利いて、陽気な人かな。	Sō da ne. Yappari yasashikute, ki ga kiite, yōki na hito kana.	Let me see. Of course kind, thoughtful and outgoing.
A:	本当？それだけ？	Hontō? Sore dake?	Really? That’s it?
B:	え？どういう意味それ？	E? Dō iu imi sore?	Eh? What do you mean by that?
A:	今までの彼女みんな美形だったじゃん、本当は見た目重視なんでしょう。	Ima made no kanojō minna bikkei datta shi, hontō wa menkui nan deshō?	All your girlfriends until now have been really good looking. You’re just into looks aren’t you?
B:	うるさいなぁ、もう！	Urusai na mō!	Oh shut up!

In the next set of dialogs we look at how to compare people’s personalities in Japanese. These dialogs also contain a nice technique for expanding your vocabulary which is learning a adjective and it’s exact opposite. So if you learn the word 優しい Yasashii which means kind, you could then learn a word such as 気が短い Ki ga mijikai which means short tempered or bad tempered. This is a really nice way to group relevant vocabulary together which will double the amount of words you know and improve your fluency if you drill them.

Here are some examples:

Podcast Dialog 2.1

A:	彼氏はどんな人なの？	Kareshi wa donna hito na no?	What’s your boyfriend like?
B:	そうだね。優しい人だよ。	Sō da ne. Yasashi hito da yo.	Let me see. He’s a kind person.
A:	いいなあ。私の彼女は気が短いんだよね。	Ii naa. Watashi no kanajo ga ki ga mijikain da yo ne.	I envy you. My girlfriend is short tempered.

 

Podcast Dialog 2.2

A:	彼女はどんな人なの？	Kanojo wa donna hito na no?	What’s your girlfriend like?
B:	そうだね。優しい人だよ。	Sō da ne. Omoshiroi hito da yo.	Let me see. She’s an interesting person.
A:	いいなあ。私の彼氏はつまらないんだよね。	Ii naa. Watashi no kareshi wa tsumaranain da yo ne.	I envy you. My boyfriend is short tempered.

 

Podcast Dialog 2.3

A:	彼氏はどんな人なの？	Kareshi wa donna hito na no?	What’s your boyfriend like?
B:	そうだね。社交的な人だよ。	Sō da ne. Shakōteki na hito da yo.	Let me see. He’s a social person.
A:	いいなあ。私の彼女はおとなしいんだよね。	Ii naa. Watashi no kanajo wa otonashiin da yo ne.	I envy you. My girlfriend is shy.

 

Podcast Dialog 2.4

A:	彼女はどんな人なの？	Kanojo wa donna hito na no?	What’s your girlfriend like?
B:	そうだね。勤勉な人だよ。	Sō da ne. Kinben na hito da yo.	Let me see. She’s a hard working person.
A:	いいなあ。私の彼氏は怠け者なんだよね。	Ii naa. Watashi no kareshi wa namakemono nan da yo ne.	I envy you. My boyfriend is lazy.

 

Podcast Dialog 2.5

A:	彼氏はどんな人なの？	Kareshi wa donna hito na no?	What’s your boyfriend like?
B:	そうだね。頭がいい人だよ。	Sō da ne. Shakōteki na hito da yo.	Let me see. He’s a social person.
A:	いいなあ。私の彼女はちょっと天然入ってるんだよね	Ii naa. Watashi no kanajo wa chotto tennen ga haitterun da yo ne.	I envy you. My girlfriend is a bit of a space cadet.

In the next set of dialogs we talk about personality as it relates to blood type. In Japan, it is widely believed that a person’s blood type is linked to or influences your personality. Although this is utter nonsense that has absolutely no scientific basis at all what so ever, it’s worth knowing about this cultural phenomenon. And it’s a great way to get a conversation going in Japanese and increase your vocabulary.

 

There are a couple of ways you can ask about bloody type and personality including the following:

 

A型の人ってどんな人が多い？ A gata no hito te donna hito ga ooi?

What is a common personality for people with A type blood?

Or

典型的なA型の人ってどうなの？Tenkeiteki na A gata no hito te dō na no?

What is the typical personality of someone with A type blood?

Here are some example dialogs as featured in the podcast:

 

Podcast Dialog 3.1

A:	A型の人ってどんな人が多い？	A gata no hito te donna hito ga ooi?	What’s the most common personality trait of people with A blood type?
B:	A型は真面目で几帳面な人。	A gata wa majime de kichōmen na hito.	People with A blood type are serious and methodical.

 

Podcast Dialog 3.2

A:	O型の人ってどんな人が多い？	O gata no hito te donna hito ga ooi?	What’s the most common personality trait of people with O blood type?
B:	O型はおおらかで元気な人。	O gata wa ooraka de genki na hito.	People with O blood type are relaxed and outgoing.

 

Podcast Dialog 3.3

A:	B型の人ってどんな人が多い？	B gata no hito te donna hito ga ooi?	What’s the most common personality trait of people with B blood type?
B:	B型はよくもわるくもマイペースな人。	B gata wa yokumo warukumo mai peesu na hito.	For better or for worse, people with B blood type taking everything at their own pace.

 

Podcast Dialog 3.4

A:	AB型の人ってどんな人が多い？	AB gata no hito te donna hito ga ooi?	What’s the most common personality trait of people with AB blood type?
B:	AB型はどこかクールで知的な印象を感じさせる人。	AB gata wa dokoka kuuru de chiteki na inshō o kanjisaseru hito.	People with AB blood type give the impression of being aloof and intelectual.

 

Random Japanese Phrase of the Week

In this episode’s random phrase of the week we looked at the word 茶番劇 Chabangeki which literally means a dramatic farce. It’s used to describe situations and things that are over the top or crazy.

Here are the examples:

 

あのカップルの喧嘩はいつも茶番劇だよね。

Ano kappuru no kenka wa itsumo chabangeki da yo ne

That couple are always having epic fights.

 

とんだ茶番劇をやらかしたもんだ！

Tonda chabangeki o yarakashita mon da!

That situation totally got out of hand / That was one crazy thing that happened.

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In this podcast, Ami sensei and I teach you about using the verb 食べる in the casual form which is used between people who know each other well in an informal situation. This is how you conjugate the verb taberu in plain form or “dictionary form”.

Plain form verb – Taberu

	Positive	Negative
Present	食べる Taberu (To eat)	食べない Tabenai (Not eat)
Past	食べた Tabeta (Ate)	食べなかった Tabenakatta (Didn’t eat)

Japanese Verbs – Taberu Dialog
A: ね、食べる？ Ne taberu? You wanna eat?
B: 食べない Tabenai. I don’t want to eat
A: 食べないの？ Tabenai no? You don’t want to eat?
B: もう食べたから。食べなかったの？ Mo tabeta kara. Tabenakatta no. Already ate. You didn’t eat?
A: うん、食べなかった。食べようよ Un Tabenakatta. Tabeyō yo. I didn’t eat. Let’s eat!
B: いらない、ひとりで食べて！ Iranai, hitori de tabete. I don’t want any. You eat by yourself.

Grammatical Breakdown of Dialog
Rule 1 – You can drop the subject before a Japanese verb
The dialog starts with ね – Ne which means “Hey” and used to get attention to start a conversation. Then the next word is 食べる？ Taberu with a rising intonation. This literally means “Eat?”. One important thing to remember is that you don’t need to use the subject of the sentence as the meaning is understood from the context of the situation. If someone is looking at you and simply says “Taberu” with a rising inflection. You can be pretty sure that they mean “Do you want to eat”? which is what it means in this situation. In fact, this entire dialog is completely devoid of sentences with the words you or I in them. And this because…

Rule 2 – You have to guess the meaning from the context
As we continue to the next line in the dialog we have 食べない tabenai which means “not eat”. Again, from the context, you can guess this means “I don’t want to eat”. And context is everything here. This aspect of Japanese can make it easier for you to say more with less because minimalism is the key. It can also make it devilishly hard to understand what is being said because if you don’t understand the situation you won’t understand the conversation.

Continuing we have 食べないの？Tabenai no which is literally “Not eat” + のno which signifies a question. This means “Not eat?” or “Don’t you want to eat?”

Next we haveもう食べた Mō tabeta kara – This literally means “Already ate because” or “No because I already ate”. Then 食べなかったの Tabenakatta no – which means “didn’t eat” with the の question marker so “Didn’t you eat?”.

Rule 3 – Yes means no and no means yes
The answer to the question “Didn’t you eat” is うん 食べなかった Un Tabenakatta – Yes, I didn’t eat. This might be confusing as in English you would usually say:

A: Didn’t you eat?

B: No, I didn’t

However in Japanese you have to say “Yes, I didn’t eat”. This is because in Japanese, when you say yes, you are agreeing directly with the statement that was just made so you could think of it as “Yes, it is true that I didn’t eat”.

Rule 4 – Verbs ending in ō mean “Let’s do something”
Next we hear 食べよう Tabeyō. This form of the verb is used to suggest or propose an idea. So it means “Let’s eat”. Theよ Yo at the end emphasizes the meaning more. Here are some more examples:

飲もうよ Nomō yo – Come on, let’s drink!

行こうよ Ikō yo – Come on, let’s go!

やろうよ Yarō yo – Come on, let’s do this!

Rule 5 – Verbs ending in “Te” can be an order to do something
The last line of this dialog is いらいない Iranai – Not needed or more naturally “I don’t want any”. Finally we have 一人で食べて Hitori de tabete. Hitori means one person or in this case by yourself. 食べて Tabete is what’s called the “Te” form of the verb and is an order or request to do something so Tabete means “Eat!”. In this case the speaker is saying, “I don’t want any, you go ahead and eat by yourself”.

What is Japanese plain verb form?
In Japanese, there are various forms of politeness from very direct to extremely polite. Plain form verbs are considered to be less formal and are often used in casual conversation between friends and people of similar social rank in society. When looking up verbs in the dictionary, you will always find the plain form of the verb which is why they are also know as “dictionary form” verbs.

The more formal and polite form is the -masu form which is conjugated for the verb Taberu like this:

-Masu form verb – Taberu

	Positive	Negative
Present	食べます Tabemasu (To eat)	食べません Tabemasen (Not eat)
Past	食べました Tabemashita (Ate)	食べませんでした Tabemasendeshita (Didn’t eat)

The -masu form of the verb is used in more formal situations when to talking to people of senior rank. You will often here service staff use the -masu form of verbs to customers.

Why study Japanese plain form verbs?
When studying Japanese for the first time it is quite common to study -masu form verbs first. This may be because of tradition and perhaps Japanese teachers would rather give you all the polite Japanese first before you go out and offend people with the wrong level of politeness.

This is not necessarily a bad idea and I would advise you to definitely learn polite -masu form verbs. However, in my experience, after studying almost exclusively polite Japanese in my first year of university, I found that around 90% of the conversations I was having was in plain form. That means, if you only learn the polite form, you will have difficulty understanding taking part in conversations and discussions with your Japanese friends, family and even coworkers.

Should you learn the safer polite form or the more plain form first? Great question and I will let that heated debate continue as it always has. Of course, you should learn learn both verb forms. However learning plain form verbs is your key to understanding daily conversation and being able to speak Japanese more fluently.